Chemical classification of matter.

  

The chemical classification of matter is based upon its composition. Different substances differ from each other in their constituents composition.

On the basis of chemical, composition matter can be classified as:
1) Pure substance
2) Mixtures.

1) Pure substance: Pure substance is consist of single type of particles. All constituent particles of a pure substance are same in their chemical nature.
Example: copper, gold, iron, water, glucose, Sodium chloride etc.

Pure substances can be further classified into elements and compounds.

A) Elements:
The simplest form of a pure substance, which can either be decomposed into nor built from simpler substances by ordinary physical or chemical methods.
Example: Sodium, carbon, potassium, Sulphur, helium etc.

Elements can further be classified into the following types.
i)Metals ii) Non-metals and iii) Metalloids,

B) Compounds:
A pure substance containing two or more than two elements combined together in a definite proportion by mass and which can be decomposed into its constituent Elements by a suitable chemical methods.
Example: Glucose, carbon dioxide, common salt, washing soda, fat, protein etc.

2) Mixtures:
Combination of two or more elements or compounds in any proportion, so that the components do not lose their identity.
Example: Alloy, soft drink, soil, air, tea, sugar solution in water etc.

Mixtures are of two types.
A) Homogeneous mixtures,
B) Heterogeneous mixture.

A) Homogeneous mixtures: A mixture is said to be homogeneous, if it has a uniform composition throughout. Homogeneous mixtures mixtures are also called Solutions.
Example: air, sea water, brass etc.

B) Heterogeneous mixture: A mixture is said to be heterogeneous if its composition is not uniform throughout.
These have visible boundaries of separation between the different constituents and can be easily seen even with the naked eye.
Example: a mixture of iron fillings, common salt and Sulphur gives a heterogeneous mixture, sand in water etc.

Heterogeneous mixture is of two types.
i) Colloid and ii) suspension.

i) Colloid: In this type of mixture. Particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
Example: milk, starch solution, gem stones, smoke etc.

ii) Suspension: In this type of mixture, particles of solute are suspended in solvent. 

Example: sand in water, sand in sugar, etc.

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